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Friday, 27 November 2009 08:02

The Influence Of Betterment Discourses On Canadian Aboriginal Peoples In The Late Nineteenth And Early Twentieth Centuries


C. Drew Bednasek, and Anne M.C. Godlewska, 2009


Based on government archival sources, fieldwork and the historical perspectives, experiences and oral histories of Aboriginal peoples, this paper argues that late nineteenth and early twentieth century Indian policy, and more specifically the File Hills farm colony, was deeply influenced by betterment discourses. The presumption of this discourse was that Aboriginal peoples, who clearly were not vanishing as promised, could be transformed into something approaching white settlers by reshaping, controlling, and managing their environments, both private and public, and by altering their genetics and morals. While the betterment discourse and the File Hills colony have each been the focus of research, no one to our knowledge has focused on the importance of betterment thought in the establishment and application of Indian policy and its significance for the File Hills colony.

Canadian Geographer; 53(4): 444 - 461

Prenant appui sur des documents d'archives gouvernementales, des résultats d'enquêtes menées sur le terrain ainsi que les points de vue historiques, les expériences vécues et les histoires orales des peuples autochtones, cet article défend l'idée selon laquelle les discours d'amélioration constituent la base de la politique indienne à la fin du dix-neuvième et au début du vingtième siècle, en particulier en ce qui concerne la colonie agraire de File Hills. L'idée sous-entendue au centre de ce discours était que, puisque l'élimination complète des peuples autochtones n'allait pas se réaliser, loin de là, ceux-ci pouvaient alors être transformés en les concevant comme des colons blancs en modifiant, contrôlant et en prenant en charge leurs milieux privés et publics et, en outre, en dénaturalisant autant leur bagage génétique que leur morale. À notre connaissance, s'il est vrai que les discours d'amélioration et la colonie de File Hills ont déjà fait l'objet d'études poussées, celles-ci n'ont pas encore soulevé la question de l'importance de la notion d'amélioration dans la création et la mise en place de la politique indienne et de ses répercussions sur la colonie de File Hills.




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