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Saturday, 21 November 2009 07:14

Extending Political Participation And Citizenship: Pluricultural Civil Practices In Contemporary Bolivia


Koen De Munter, and Ton Salman, 2009


This article argues that Bolivia's recent history of inadequately functioning state institutions and governments, in conjunction with its pluri-cultural makeup, indigenous dynamics and migration flows, has produced an idiosyncratic configuration of citizenship. Specific cultural experiences have become entwined with nation-wide learning processes about the state–citizen relationship. We introduce the issue by analyzing the non-conformist instalment of Evo Morales. Then, the debate on the disputed universal nature of citizenship is summarized, touching upon themes of cultural diversity, group rights, and multicultural citizenship. Next, we trace the development of the Bolivian's critical assessment of democracy and governance. Subsequently, we turn to the cultural dynamics of the Aymara in the indigenous city of El Alto, which has been the center of many important protests and clashes with the authorities. We relate the Aymara contextualizing practices to their sense of change and insubordination. Finally, the analysis of these practices is extrapolated to obtain their significance for Bolivia's current politico-cultural composition.

The Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Anthropology; 14(2): 432 - 456



El artículo sostiene que tanto la historia reciente del mal funcionamiento de las instituciones estatales y de gobierno en Bolivia, como su conformación pluricultural, sus dinámicas indígenas y flujos migratorios, han producido en este país una configuración particular de la ciudadanía. Al interior de ésta última, han cristalizado, por una parte, experiencias culturales específicas; y, por la otra, procesos de aprendizaje respecto de la relación entre el Estado y los ciudadanos. Para dar cuenta de este fenómeno, analizamos en primer lugar la instalación no-conformista de Evo Morales, para luego presentar el debate sobre la naturaleza supuestamente universal de la ciudadanía, desde las ópticas de la diversidad cultural, los derechos colectivos y la ciudadanía multicultural. A continuación, delineamos cómo se ha gestado una evaluación crítica de la democracia y del gobernar por parte de los bolivianos. Posteriormente revisamos las dinámicas culturales de los aymara en la ciudad indígena de El Alto, epicentro de múltiples protestas y choques con las autoridades. En este contexto, discutimos los vínculos entre las prácticas evidenciadas por los aymara y sus visiones sobre el cambio y la insubordinación. Finalmente, evaluamos la relevancia de estas prácticas en la composición político-cultural de Bolivia.


Tags: El Alto  Bolivia  politics  citizenship  Aymara  


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